Your guide to profit from the laying hens project

My friends, followers. Greetings to all of you. Wishing you more luck and success.

Our topic today; It will be about raising laying hens; Where I tell you about these beautiful birds and tell you my personal experiences with these birds that are dear to my heart.

In the beginning, we must know that the project of raising chickens is a project from time immemorial; Where ancient civilizations were keen to domesticate it, for many purposes, including eating, producing eggs, entertaining and enjoying its beautiful shape.

Raising laying hens is considered one of the most important household projects for many villagers in particular. Where it provides them with their needs of eggs as well as meat when needed, and it is also necessary in order to exploit the surplus food to be presented to the chickens, as well as benefiting from the chicken manure in fertilizing agricultural lands.

The white chicken breeding project is also considered; It is one of the national projects of any country in order to achieve food security, and farm owners and merchants compete for it in order to achieve abundant profit from this very important trade.

Laying hens

Types and breeds of laying hens

After World War II, there was a radical change in poultry farming, so it was no longer the producers

Specialists in breeding and improving poultry are interested in breeding pure species for the purpose of displaying them in exhibitions

Rather, they took care of wide commercial production, and thus breeding changed from breeding pure species to

The use of crossing between strains belonging to two different types

(Outbreed crossing) or between strains of the same species (Inbreed crossing)

For this reason, the pure species receded and hybrid strains that had been developed before appeared in their place

International companies specialized in genetic improvement, and these companies are in a continuous race to obtain

on commercial markets in the countries of the world. At present, the number of companies specialized in

Development of hybrid breeds of laying hens ten international companies, six of them in the United States

America, one in Canada, and three companies in European countries. These companies export herds

Parent stocks to all countries in order to obtain from these herds (after mating)

On hatching eggs produced after hatching commercial herds joys (Commercial stocks) which

It is used in commercial breeding for the production of table eggs (i.e. eggs used for eating).

Researchers and specialists in poultry sciences have agreed to divide the hybrid and modern breeds

It is produced by various international companies into two parts, according to the color of the feathers and the color of the eggs that it produces.

These two sections are:

1. Brown Layer Strains or productive strains for eggs with a brown or nutty shell (Brown Egg Stains). Like a strain

Aisa and the High Sex Dynasty.

2. White Layer Stains or productive strains

For eggs with a white shell, such as the Hay strain

Line and Schaeffer strain

In general, there is no difference in the nutritional value of brown eggs (nutty) and white eggs

However, consumers in different countries of the world have a psychological preference, as some people prefer brown eggs

Others prefer white eggs. In most Arab countries, breeding has spread with intention

Color, because these strains are calm and easy to sex

The hatched chicks are hatched according to the color of the feathers. The females are brown (nutty) and the males are white. As for

The breeds are white in color, as naturalization is not done on the basis of the color of the feathers and requires equipment and expertise

Especially this is what determined its spread in some countries, in addition to the fact that the temperament of these strains is distinguished

Nervous and she needs calm and a gentle manner of upbringing and dealing. However, these strains are distinguished

With some good features such as small size, low feed consumption and high efficiency in food conversion

and higher conditioning to heat stress.

We show the most important hybrid strains and the companies producing these strains in addition to the most important rates of productive traits and commercial specifications for these strains in both brown and white sections. The breeding and management of hybrid breeds of laying hens are very similar, except that the brown strains may differ from the white strains with some characteristics in terms of weight and body development. sexual maturity and feed consumption, and for this reason, we decided in this guide to explain the specifics of management and breeding for brown and white breeds together, and we decided that this explanation should not be long and boring, and that the information contained in this guide is a mixture of the information of many books, researches, and information of companies producing these breeds.

The breeder only has to determine which breed

He will raise her to follow the appropriate administrative steps for this strain, and we ask God Almighty that this be so

The guide is sufficient and clear to the needs of educators and hopes that they will receive some satisfaction and good acceptance.

Duration of laying hens rearing

The breeding period of the white herd is about 80 weeks, and it is usually divided into two main periods:

1. Growing period This period extends from the age of one day to 18 weeks.

This period is considered one of the critical periods because it is the period of preparing the white flock for the productive period. The primary goal of breeding the laying herd is to obtain the highest production of good quality eggs during the productive period, and this goal requires the development of the laying herd according to an accurate scientific method that ensures bringing the laying herd to sexual maturity at an appropriate age and weight; It qualifies it for high production during the productive period. And that a mistake in education during the period of growth will not

It can be corrected during the productive period.

Some international companies and scientific books prefer to divide the production period into two periods:

The brooding period extends from the age of one day to 6 weeks, in which the chicks need heat sources for heating and need good diets that keep pace with the nutritional needs of the body that are high during this period because it is one of the periods characterized by rapid growth with a period of care (Rearing period) and extends from the age of 6 Weeks up to 18 weeks, which is considered a preparatory period in which the herd is prepared for the production season.

2. The egg production period, which is called the production period or the production year. It extends from the date of sexual maturity and the beginning of laying the first egg in the herd (at the age of 18 weeks) until the date of marketing the white herd at the age of 80 weeks. , that the age at sexual maturity at the level of the hen is determined by the age when the first egg is laid, and then the scientific name changes from

Pullet to laying hen. As for the herd, it is not considered sexually mature unless the production rate reaches 50%, meaning that half of the herd has begun to produce eggs.

Some scientific sources do not consider the herd to be sexually mature except when the production rate reaches 5%.

In general, modern commercial breeds are fast growing and sexually mature at an early age, and the first egg appears in the herd at the age of 18 weeks.

laying hens growth period:

The period of growth extending from the age of one day to the age of 18 weeks is considered one of the critical and important periods, and the success of breeding depends on it. In order for the white flock to achieve the highest level of egg production and high egg weights, the following goals must be achieved during the growth period:

1) The flock reaches sexual maturity at an appropriate age and that this age has been genetically determined at the age of 18 weeks. Where the herd begins to produce the first egg. At this age (18 weeks), the instinctive stimulation begins, as the number of hours is increased

Lighting to at least 13 hours, with an increase in lighting intensity to 4 watts per square meter.

2) Delivering the herd to the target weight at the age of 18 weeks, i.e. at the beginning of sexual maturity and the start of egg production. The average target weight at this age is 1315 grams for white breeds and 1550 grams for brown breeds. Such as the Isa and High Six strains, and no light stimulation should be performed on the herd until after arrival

for this target weight.

3) Bringing the herd to the age of sexual maturity, which is of homogeneous weights, provided that the percentage is not less

Uniformity is about 80%.

4) Bringing the herd to the age of sexual maturity while it is completely healthy (healthy) and after completing the preventive program and being vaccinated against all serious epidemic diseases in the region in a way that guarantees raising the immunity of birds against these diseases to a higher level than the protective level throughout the production period. It is not recommended to vaccinate the laying herd during the productive period, except when absolutely necessary, for fear of the effect

on egg production.

In order to reach these four aforementioned goals, the following important actions must be taken:

1) Follow a specific lighting program that is appropriate to the type of education halls

(closed or open) and with the breeding season (summer or winter). And in this program the length is determined

The daily photoperiod as well as the appropriate light intensity.

2) Weighing samples from the flock birds weekly or every two weeks to note the extent of matching rates

Herd actual body weight with standard weights for that breed as well as for proportion calculation

Herd uniformity.

3) Follow a preventive program that includes specific dates for the use of medicines and vaccines in the manner in which they are used

Ensures that the specter of disease infections is kept away from the herd during the breeding period.

Tips for disease control in laying hens fields

Preventive health measures (Hygiene)

1) When choosing a field site, it is preferable that it be far from other fields for a distance of not less than a kilometer. It is important to make a fence surrounding the perimeter of the field; In order to prevent the entry of strangers and loose animals such as dogs and cats.

2) The method of transmission of diseases by people is very important, and for this reason visitors must be prevented from entering the field as much as possible, especially people who roam in different fields such as veterinarians and feed transport workers. It is necessary to separate workers working in breeding fields from workers in egg production fields and prevent them from Alternating between fields.

3) In order to prevent the transmission of diseases from the old chickens to the young chicks, thanks to the visits to the fields by the owner of the project and the veterinarian, starting from the fields of chicks to the fields of advanced chickens.

4) It is forbidden for workers in pheasant projects to raise chickens or birds in their homes.

5) Cars, carrying cars and minimum cages must be sterilized before entering the project

6) Party waste must be properly disposed of by proper cremation or burial

Under the ground with a distance of at least 0.5-1 meter to prevent negative animals from getting it.

7) Thanks to the breeding of meals in one age and marketing them in one age, i.e. following the all-in-all program

External (All-In, All-Out), and if this is not done, try to keep the breeding fields separated and far away

on production fields

8) Wash and teach the drinking water fountains, because it is an important source of infection.

Washing and sterilizing the education halls

(1) Removing litter and litter from the competition meal with embarrassment and taking all equipment out

the hall.

(2) Washing the hall with water and adding it well from any organic matter, because the remnants of the dirt reduce its efficiency

and efficacy of the disinfectant

(3) The use of flame throwers (incinerators) in the initial sterilization of the hall, passing the flame on the corners and corners

hall, cracks and floor, it is effective in killing all microbes and insects present in the room

these areas.

(4) Sterilize the hall with one of the commercial sterilization materials available in the market, and for sterilizing halls and equipment

Such as Algebra Mayard, Alseptrel, Lumacept, Iodophor or Formalin, mix the sterile material

Well with water at the rate established by the producing company, then spray the floor and walls, taking the necessary precautions to prevent water from reaching the electrical points inside the hall.

(5) Wash the feeders and manholes with water first, then immerse them in the sterilization basin for 3-5 minutes to ensure

The sterilization process is completed, then enter it into the hall.

(6) If the hall in the previous meal had infected its birds with coccidia, it is preferable to perform a sterilization process

Addition to the floor of the hall for every 1000 square meters of the floor of the hall spread the second mod:

A- 100 kilograms of lime (Dehydrated Lime)

B- 200 kilograms of ammonium sulfate (Amin Sulphate)

C- Spread the above materials on the ground, then sprinkle the floor with 1000 liters of water

(7) If the auditorium was previously infected with an epidemic disease such as Newcastle, Mercury and Cambore

It is preferable to perform the fumigation process using a 40% formalin solution with potassium permanganate

According to the following steps:

A- Close all windows and openings in the hall completely

B: 3 liters of formalin (40%) mixed with 2 kg of potassium permanganate per 100 cubic meters of hall volume.

C- Distribute ten ceramic bowls along the center of the hall and place in them a tampon, first add formalin, starting from the end of the hall and towards Bab Al-Harrouj, then hang the hall for 24 hours.

3- In order to increase the effectiveness of fumigation, it is preferable that the hall be humid (75-80%) with a temperature of 25 m. Therefore, it is preferable to spray water on the floor or on walls with some incubators operating if the process takes place during the cold winter months.

Some people prefer to perform the fumigation process after covering the floor of the hall with the mattress, in order to sterilize the mattress with the hall. Insert the sawdust with the base and spread it at a height of 5 10

A centimeter, and make sure to keep the litter material away from the sites of the ceramic containers for the thermal reaction, and also make sure that the litter is dry, intact, and not moldy or wet, because it may lead to disease disasters in the future.

Feeding laying hens

Laying hens depend on nature for their food. Where laying hens can capture all kinds of grains, seeds, larvae and vegetables, but in the event that the breeder reserves his birds in a closed place; He must then provide all his needs, especially vitamin D, which the bird is deprived of when not exposed to sunlight.

Breeders must provide a strong nutritional meal with a protein content of not less than 17 percent, where a group of grains such as pigeon beans, peas, corn, yield, maize, barley, sorghum and other grains must be mixed.

And through my personal experience, I used to rely on the feed of white chicks, as it contains all the proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates that the bird needs, and it has excellent results in increasing production and increasing meat.