The most important bacterial, viral and fungal diseases affecting pigeons
Below we will mention some of the common diseases that affect pigeons, their most important symptoms, and methods of prevention and treatment. It should be noted that nutrition is one of the factors affecting the health of pigeons, as malnutrition is one of the most important factors in pigeons being infected with diseases, and eating contaminated food is one of the important factors in the transmission of diseases.
Pigeons
(I) Viral diseases
 |
| Pigeons |
1- Newcastle:
Pigeons have natural immunity from this disease, and the disease does not occur through natural infection or contact. However, with industrial infection with the virus, pigeons show symptoms of lameness, diarrhea, and inability to eat, and they die within 6-10 days.
2- Infectious bronchitis
There are two types of bronchitis:
The first type: It occurs as a result of complications from a cold or flu.
The second type: It occurs as a result of infection with viruses and causes death if it continues for a long time.
Symptoms: Respiratory troubles, coughing, difficulty breathing, abstaining from eating, and emaciation appear on the birds.
Treatment: There is no cure for this disease. But when symptoms of this disease appear, it may be useful to use sulfadiazine, terramycin, or aureomycin.
3- Pigeonpox or diphtheria:
Two forms of the disease appear on pigeons, which are the cutaneous or diphtheric type.
(a) Cutaneous type: blisters appear around the mouth at the end of the beak. In advanced cases get legs and areas covered by blankets .
(B) Diphtheria type: It appears especially on young birds and young birds, where it affects the throat and yellow purulent spots appear in the mouth. It causes respiratory problems or suffocation of birds. The bird may stop eating, appear emaciated and die.
Prevention:
1- Take general preventive measures and purify the dwelling and the tools used, such as foodstuffs and watering cans.
2- Immunization with a protective serum for this disease (pigeonpox), taking into account not to use the chickenpox vaccine, which increases the severity of the disease.
treatment :
1- The blisters are removed and the affected part is applied with an iodine-glycerine solution.
2- The curdled materials and the notebook membrane shall be removed, and the ulcerated surface shall be touched with a solution of iodine, microchrome, or 2% silver nitrate.
4- Parrot infection disease:
Symptoms: Inflammation of the eyes and eyelids with respiratory problems, nasal secretions and diarrhea. And the bird stops eating and the occurrence of emaciation.
protection :
1- Take public health preventive measures.
2- After the carrier pigeon returns from a long trip, it must be given 100 mg / bird of Terramycin.
3- Disinfect the infected places using 2% Vnic or Formalin 2%.
treatment :
Using antibiotics such as aureomycin, tetracycline, or penicillin. It was found that these antibiotics stop the death, but they do not kill the virus, and thus the birds remain carriers of the virus and are a source of new infection.
5- Diphtheria (enlargement of the eye):
It is bronchitis in its advanced stages, and high humidity, lack of ventilation, and sudden changes in temperature help to cause this disease.
Symptoms:
The presence of watery secretions from the nostrils that turn into a thick, yellow substance that results in blocking the nostrils, which causes the birds to be unable to breathe, so the eyes swell and enlarge in size, and as a result, the eyelids close and lack of vision.
treatment :
1- The head of the bird is placed in a solution of uric acid or a solution of potassium permanganate.
2- The accumulated secretions under the eye are removed by pressing gently, then purified.
3- The birds are given a capsule of castor oil 500 milligrams. On the next day, the birds are given 4-5 drops of cod liver oil, in order to increase the biological resistance of the birds.
(Second) Bacterial diseases:
1- Paratyphoid - salmonella infection
Salmonella infection is one of the most dangerous diseases that affect pigeons and is caused by the Salmonella typhimurium microbe, and its danger to young birds (zaghalil) is more severe because the mother carrying the microbe feeds her young from her crop, and thus transmits the microbe to her, which is fatal to small birds.
Symptoms:
1- Small pigeons shows neurological symptoms, spasms and contractions occur in the neck, then the head and neck twist, and lameness occurs as a result of arthritis. Thirst for water increases, and yellow watery diarrhea appears, then the bird weakens and emaciates until it dies.
2- The adult pigeon shows the formation of abscesses on the joints, especially the wing joint, which impedes the ability of the bird to fly.
protection :
Paying attention to examining the components of the feed, especially the sources of animal protein, because they are a source of infection in birds.
treatment :
Antibiotics are used such as injection of Terramycin 100 mg/bird or Streptomycin 100-200 mg/bird.
2- Tuberculosis: Avian Tuberculosis
It is caused by a type of bacteria, and it resists drought, cold, and salty conditions for many months. However, the microbe can be killed in a short period of time by sunlight or a degree of 70 ° C, or by using disinfectants such as formalin or fenek.
The microbe is excreted through the mouth or glaucoma, and it contaminates the tools used, such as troughs and watering cans.
Symptoms:
Because the incubation period of the microbe is long. Therefore, the symptoms do not appear until the disease reaches the bird to an advanced state, and this is the reason for the spread of the disease in the herd. Gradual weight loss, loss of muscles, especially chest muscles, and feather fluffiness and dryness. Inflammations appear in the joints as a result of the formation of tuberculous tubercles in them, and a rash of the contents of the festering joint occurs. Likewise, infection of the wings with tuberculosis occurs, and the affected wing dangles.
treatment :
There is no known cure for this disease. It is preferable to expose infected birds to the sun to kill microbes.
3- Ulcerative enteritis :
It is caused by Bacillus bacteria, and infection occurs through diet or drinking water contaminated with the glaucoma of infected birds.
Symptoms:
The bird shows symptoms of lethargy, it closes its eyes, its wings droop, its feathers fluff, and watery diarrhea occurs, its color is yellowish-brown, and finally turns white, and the bird continues to emaciate until it dies if the flock is not treated.
protection :
Disinfecting breeding grounds with strong disinfectants such as formalin - and collecting and disposing of dead animals - antibiotics can be added to the diet or drinking water such as streptomycin at a rate of 60 mg / kg diet.
treatment :
- Streptomycin injection is used at a rate of 100 mg / kg of bird weight for a period of 3 days, or it is added to the drinking water at a rate of 4 g / liter of drinking water for a period of 7-10 days.
- Tetracycline is used at a rate of 200 mg / kg diet for 10-15 days.
4- Coli bacteria infection: Colibacillosis
It is caused by the E. Coli bacteria found in the intestines of birds. When the bird is exposed to infection with an infectious disease, heat stress, thirst or hunger, the bird's resistance weakens, and this bacteria becomes ferocious and causes bacterial poisoning.
Symptoms:
General weakness, diarrhoea, accumulation of sticky substances in the complex, refusal to eat, and death occurs in the first days of life.
protection :
Disinfection of breeding grounds - provide a diet that contains excessive amounts of protein and vitamins in order to increase the vitality and resistance of birds.
treatment :
Use of antibiotics that affect this type of bacteria, such as erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and furazolidone.
(Third) fungal diseases:
1- Aspergillosis
It is caused by Aspergilluss fumigatus, A. niger or penicillin.
Symptoms:
Lethargy - boredom - emaciation - respiratory problems - diarrhea - inflammation of the eyes and there are cheesy cuts between the eyelids - some nervous conditions appear - death may occur as a result of severe exhaustion.
Prevention and treatment:
There is no cure for this disease, but it depends on prevention by following the following:
Excluding infected birds - Disinfection of housing with antifungal antiseptic materials, especially those that contain iodine (such as vanudin - iodide - iodoxyl) or the use of copper sulfate at a rate of 0.5% - mycostatin is used at a rate of 200 mg / kg diet or 0.1 - 0.2 g / liter of drinking water for 5 days.
2- Monilia (thrush):
A fungal disease that affects the digestive system, especially the vesicles. It may affect the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus. It is caused by high humidity in the nests, lack of cleanliness in the feed and water containers, or contamination of drinking water and feed. The disease infects chicks more than adult birds.
Symptoms: The disease appears in two forms:
1- Oral thrush: It appears as a curdled, yellow-white substance that covers the upper part of the pharynx of the fleas at the age of 5-12 days, making them unable to eat and breathe and cause their death.
2- Navel thrush (umbilical abscess): It occurs in the genitals at the age of 7-12 days, as the navel grows in size and a large solid mass is formed that resembles an abscess.
The disease appears in adult pigeons in the form of an abscess on the side of the mouth.
Prevention: Disinfecting feeders and waterers with antifungal disinfectants.
treatment :
The affected areas should be anointed with iodoglycerin solution in a ratio of 1-5. Mycostatin should be given at a rate of 200 mg/kg of feed or at a rate of 0.1-0.2 g/liter of drinking water for 5 consecutive days.
(iv) internal parasites:
(a) Roundworms:
1- Ascaris :
Ascaris worms live in the small intestine and are yellowish-white in color. There are different types of them that infect birds. Columbae Ascaridia infects pigeons
Symptoms: In case of severe infection, loss of appetite occurs, feathers dryness and fluffiness, drooping wings, watery diarrhea with emaciation, weight loss and growth retardation. It also reduces the resistance of infected birds to infectious diseases.
protection :
Disinfection of homes with disinfectants that exterminate worm eggs, such as caustic soda 2%.
treatment :
Piperazine is used at a rate of 100 mg per bird, and it is preferable to give it in an amount of feed that can be consumed in 4 hours or in a quantity of water that can be consumed in a period of two hours.
2- Capillary worms: Capillaria
It is considered the most dangerous internal parasite that infects pigeons, as it intrudes on the mucous membrane of the small intestine and causes severe intestinal infections.
Emaciation - diarrhea - fluffing of feathers - drooping wings.
treatment :
Dekalmin is used in drinking water at a rate of 4 cm 3 / liter of drinking water, or Galinide is used in drinking water at a rate of 1 cm / liter of drinking water.
3- Tracheal worms :
The worms intrude on the trachea of the pigeons and cause difficulty in breathing. The bird extends its neck and mouth open and sneezes to expel the parasite. After sneezing, the bird shrinks and lowers its head down and closes an eye.
protection :
The floor is sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate 1-1000 to control snails and worms.
treatment :
Thiabendazole preparation is placed in the diet at a rate of 50 g / kg body weight.
(B) protozoa.
1- Coccidia :
It is caused by a single-celled microbe of the Emeria species that parasits on the intestines of birds.
Symptoms:
Emaciation - decreased vitality of the bird - refraining from eating - the occurrence of diarrhea that may be mixed with blood in some cases.
protection :
Follow the general health preventive measures - using anti-coccidiosis with the diet, including Amprolium - D-Cox - Dar Vizol.
treatment :
1- Sulfaquin Oxlin is used at a rate of 0.4-0.6 g / liter of drinking water.
2- Sulfadimidine should be used at a rate of 1-1.5 g / liter of drinking water.
3- Sulfacaine Oxlin or Sulfadimidine is used at a rate of 0.5 - 1 / kg of diet, and the duration of treatment ranges from 3-7 days, depending on the severity of the infection.
2- Trichomonas
It is caused by the protozoa Trichomonas gallinae, which is found in the throat and pharynx of the adult bird. It is transmitted through contaminated feeders and drinkers. It is also transmitted from mothers to their young when feeding on the mammary glands located in their crops
Symptoms:
In adult pigeons, the appetite is lost, the tendency to fly is reduced, and severe congestion is noted in the throat, with yellow, cheesy ulcers called yellow buttons.
The gecko gets sick as soon as it is fed from the mother with the milk of the crop, and its crop becomes infected with yellow, cheesy pustules, the number of which increases rapidly, and as a result, the death of the bird, and deaths abound at the age of 10-20 days, as it reaches 80%.
treatment :
1- Excluding birds with frequent or chronic infection.
2- Use Aminonitrithiazole at a rate of 1 g / 8 liters of drinking water.
3- In infected birds, the sores in their place are removed and painted with a mild antiseptic.
(V) External Parasites:
1- The pigeon fly:
Small in size, brown in color, blood-sucking, and moves quickly between feathers. It may cause mortality among the zaghalil.
This parasite transmits pigeon malaria.
To control the insect, the pigeons' towers are disinfected every 3 weeks and sprayed with 0.5-1 Negophone solution, and the dust is fumigated with pyrethrim powder.
2- Lice:
It spreads among pigeons, especially in hot areas, and it can be seen clearly when spreading the wing. The harmful effect of lice results from the irritation that it causes to the bird, and leads to hindering it from eating and sleeping, and makes the bird bite its skin severely, which causes wounds and skin abrasions. It also leads to weakness and wasting.
Prevention and treatment:
Birds are fumigated using nicotine and sulfur powder 1.5% or nicotine powder. Dr . Dr . T D. D. T 4.5% or Malathion 4% powder.
3- Insects:
Various insects transmit diseases inside the pigeons' homes, so the breeder must disinfect the homes, nests and birds using insecticides such as malathion 4% or sulfur 1%. . Pesticides should not be used during periods of stress or during the first ten days of vaccinations. It should also be taken into account not to pollute the water or feed with pesticides.
(Sixth) Diseases and problems of metabolism:
1- Difficulty laying eggs.
This happens when laying the first egg in the virgin pigeons. The same happens in large pigeons in the event of a coup in laying the egg or the egg is large in size, as it occurs in weak or fat females.
Symptoms:
Females lying without laying eggs for several days and not being able to fly. Flatulence and high temperature also observed .
treatment :
Pressing on the abdominal area to help the egg come out, and the females are given a drink of castor oil and the area of the manhole with castor oil to facilitate the exit of the egg.
2- Weight loss:
It is noted that the thinness of the body and weight loss, and this results from respiratory diseases with malnutrition.
Symptoms:
Weight loss - It is noted that food remains in the crop for a long time without digestion, with diarrhea and increased mortality.
treatment :
Antibiotics or sulfa compounds are used
Post a Comment